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《華林國際佛學學刊》第三卷‧第一期(2020):161–206; https://dx.doi.org/10.6939/HIJBS.202004_3(1).0008
(本文屬於專刊《宗教石刻研究與玄奘研究》

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《成唯識論》“糅譯”的假設性再探(A Hypothetical Reconsideration of the ‘Compilation’ of Cheng Weishi Lun

山部能宜(YAMABE Nobuyoshi)
(日本)早稻田大學(Waseda University, Japan)

摘要(Abstract)《成唯識論》(*Vijñaptimātratāsiddhi)是在東亞的唯識(法相)傳統中很重要的系統性論書。按照法相宗的傳承,這篇論書是玄奘從《唯識三十頌》之十篇註釋 “糅譯”出來的。如果我們觀察《成唯識論》的內容,會發現該書對同一個問題頻繁並列多種異說。那些異論給我們的印象是它們來自於多種註釋。然而在印度唯識學派比較後期的註釋,如《〈釋大乘論〉分別秘義釋》(Vivṛtaguhyārthapiṇḍavyākhyā)和《瑜伽師地論疏》(Yogācārabhūmivyākhyā),也多次並列所釋論書內容的不同的解釋。有的時候,這些印度註釋和《成唯識論》有相似的議論。這讓我懷疑《成唯識論》“糅譯”的傳承,和《成唯識論》現形相似的印度原本也許存在。在這次的報告中雖然不能到達確實的結論,但是我想提出假設性的議論,重新考慮這篇重要文獻的性質和背景。

Cheng weishi lun, or *Vijñaptimātratāsiddhi [Establishment of Mental-Representation-Only], is a systematic work on Yogācāra Buddhism that has been treated as a fundamental text in the East Asian Yogācāra (Ch. Faxiang/Jpn. Hossō) tradition. Traditionally, this work is thought to be a compilation by Xuanzang 玄奘 (600–664) based on ten separate commentaries on Vasubandhu’s Triṃśikā vijñaptimātratāsiddhiḥ [Thirty Verses for the Establishment of Mental-Representation-Only]. If one examines the content of Cheng weishi lun, one often finds a juxtaposition of plural opinions concerning a single issue; this indeed gives the impression that they were taken from separate commentaries. Relatively late Indian Yogācāra texts, such as Vivṛtaguhyārthapiṇḍavyākhyā [A Condensed Explanation of the Revealed Secred Meaning] and Yogācārabhūmivyākhyā [An Explanation of Yogācārabhūmi], however, similarly contain different interpretations of a single issue given side by side. Sometimes these Indian texts and Cheng weishi lun even contain comparable arguments. This makes me somewhat suspicious of the traditionally accepted notion that Cheng weishi lun is a ‘compilation.’ Perhaps Cheng weishi lun is based on an Indian original that had a similar format to the current Chinese text. It is difficult to be conclusive at this stage, but I would like to present a hypothetical argument that reconsiders the textual nature and background of this important work.

關鍵詞(Keywords):《成唯識論》(Cheng weishi lun)、《〈釋大乘論〉分別秘義釋》(Vivṛtaguhyārthapiṇḍavyākhyā)、《瑜伽師地論疏》(Yogācārabhūmivyākhyā)、糅譯(compilation theory)

 

關於作者:山部能宜(1960 年-),日本的印度哲學學者、佛教學者、佛教美術史學者。早稻田大學文學學術院教授。他對佛教中的實踐性冥想修行(坐禪)較為關注,並以印度的初期瑜伽行唯識學派的思想和中國的法相唯識宗理論,以及印度、中國、中亞的禪修實踐闡釋為主題展開研究。他以禪觀經典等文獻資料,以石窟壁畫為主的美術資料為素材,來開展獨特的研究而被世人知曉。現在山部能宜教授正致力於研究阿賴耶識思想的起源。

 

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