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《華林國際佛學學刊》第一卷‧第一期(2018):193–216; https://dx.doi.org/10.6939/HIJBS.201804_1(1).0007
(本文屬於專刊《佛教在西方》)
轉輪藏和轉書輪:17世紀西方天主教與東方佛教交流的實例之一(The Wheel Turner of Buddhist Canons and the Revolving Circular Book Cases: An Example of the Exchange between Catholicism in the West and Buddhism of the East in the Sixteenth Century)
張子開(ZHANG Zikai)
四川大學(University of Sichuan)
摘要(Abstract):神聖羅馬帝國(Heiliges Römisches Reich deutscher Nation / Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation)時期(962–1806)來華的天主教耶穌教會傳教士鄧玉函(Johann Schreck,1576–1630),於明天啓七年丁卯(1627)完成了由其口授、教徒王徵譯繪的《遠西奇器圖說錄最》。書中圖文並茂地介紹了一種“轉書輪”,即旋轉書架。早在六世紀中葉左右的梁陳之際,“雙林樹下當來解脫善慧大士”傅翕(497–569)即始創了類似的設置轉輪藏。本文對二者的源頭、結構、功用和影響等略作考證和比較,認為轉書輪為轉輪藏的衍生物,實乃東方佛教和西方天主教兩種宗教之間交流的產物。
Johann Schreck (1576–1630), whose Chinese name is DENG Yuhan鄧玉函, lived in Heiliges Römisches Reich Dutscher Nation (Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation [962–1806]). He came to the Ming Dynasty as a missionary of the Catholic Jesus Church. The Yuanxi qiqi tushuo luzui 遠西奇器圖說錄最 [The Essence of Modern Mechanical Devices in the Far West], dictated by Johann Schreck and translated by a Catholic named WANG Zheng王徵 (1571–1644), was finished in 1627. The book contains an illustrated description of a device called ‘zhuanshulun’ 轉書輪, which means a revolving circular bookcase. As early as the sixth century, a Chinese layman FU Xi傅翕 (497–569) had created a similar piece of equipment known as zhuanlunzang轉輪藏, a wheel turner for Buddhist canons. This article presents a comparative study of these devices, and argues that the Revolving Circular Bookcases in the West is a derivative of the Wheel Turner for Buddhist Canons originating from Buddhist temples in China, and may be studied as a product of communication between Catholicism in the West and Buddhism in the East.
關鍵詞(Keywords): 轉輪藏(Wheel Turner of Buddhist Canons); 轉書輪(Revolving Circular Book Cases);天主教(Catholicism); Deng Yuhan 鄧玉函(Johann Schreck); 佛教(Buddhism); 文化交流(culture exchanges)
關於作者:本名張勇(1964–),筆名張子開。男,四川綿陽人。四川師範大學文學學士(1989),四川大學中國古典文獻學專業、漢語言文學古籍整理研究方向碩士(1992),同專業、禪宗文獻研究方向博士(1995)。曾任四川大學宗教研究所講師、副研究員。2003年起,任文學與新聞學院教授,中國古典文獻學、佛教語言文學(後更名為宗教語言文學)兩個專業的博士生導師。
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