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《华林国际佛学学刊》第三卷‧第二期(2020):20–42; https://dx.doi.org/10.6939/HIJBS.202010_3(2).0002
(本文属于专刊《佛教与人工智能与东亚佛教历史研究》

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AI・佛性・伦理(AI・Buddha-nature・Morality)

师茂树(MORO Shigeki)
日本花园大学(Hanazono University, Japan)

摘要(Abstract):目前在人工智能(AI)和机器人的开发中,以国际化为背景,以佛教为中心的伦理学传统虽然有被参考,但其论述并不充分。本文则批判性地对 AI‧机器人的佛性问题做了探讨。对机器人有研究的工学者森政弘的佛性论认为机器人也有佛性,但并未承认人类以外的各种存在的伦理性。日本佛教的草木成佛思想被解释为日本固有的文化,并与泛神论结合。但这只不过是一种被创造出的传统。与草木成佛思想相关联的生态环境论可以适用于对 AI 的讨论,但缺乏自然和生命同时也是恶之根源的视点。生态环境论和草木成佛思想只有通过对人类中心主义的批判,才能适用于对 AI 的伦理的考察。

Even though the ethical debate on the development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and robots occasionally evokes cross-cultural and Buddhist ethical traditions, the arguments are far from being fully developed. This article discusses the buddha-nature of AI robots. On this topic, the roboticist Masahiro Mori 森政弘 (1927–) believes robots also possess buddha-nature, but he does not discuss the ethical issues to do with non-human creatures. ‘Omnipresent Buddhahood’ (Jp. Kusa konari hotoke 草木成佛) is believed to be a concept engrained in the Japanese culture. Nowadays, it is often being associated with pantheism, but this approach is only an invention of the modern Japanese society. On the other hand, the ‘Omnipresent Buddhahood’ also came to be associated with ecological theories––an approach that could be relevant to the discussion of AI. However, it overlooks the Buddhist view that consider all lives and the nature as the source of evil. Thus, this approach, which associates ecology with ‘Omnipresent Buddhahood’, could only apply to the ethical discussion of AI, if we incorporate a criticism towards anthropocentrism.

关键词(Keywords):人工智能(AI)、机器人(robot)、techno-animism、草木成佛(Kusa konari hotoke)、生态环境论(ecology)

 

关于作者:师茂树,男,1972 年生于日本大阪,在日本福岛县成长。先后就学于早稻田大学、东洋大学大学院。博士专业为文化交涉学(关西大学)。现任京都花园大学教授。其主要研究领域是东亚唯识思想、佛教逻辑(因明)、比较哲学与数位人文。他也任日本佛教学会理事、日本印度学佛教学会评议员与日本佛教史学会评议员等。


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